Project background

MedSage is a fictitious medication reminder system I created for my Google UX Design Certification course.  Its purpose is to help regular medication takers continuously take their medicines on time.  My job was to create both a mobile app and a responsive website that work together to solve this problem.  While the cohesiveness of both platforms was an important part of the design process, my main goal when developing this product was to make the reminders incredibly customizable to make sure the reminders were as effective as possible.

Challenges

1
Create a mobile app that is easy to use, easy to navigate, and easy to understand.
2
Make a reminder system that is actually useful by making it customizable enough to meet any user’s specific needs.
3
Design a complementary responsive website that retains the main functionality of the app while using the capabilities of a website.

Initial research

Like with most projects, I started my research by figuring out who my target audience was and what I wanted to learn from them, then I interviewed some candidates and created empathy maps based on their responses.  I assumed that because I fit in with the target audience and I thought an app would be incredibly helpful that most people would think the same way, but it turns out most were really skeptical or even dismissive of using an app rather than phone reminders.  As a result, I wanted to focus on what your standard phone reminders can’t do, like tracking whether or not you’ve taken the medicine or how often and how much you receive reminders and when to shut them off.
Whiteboard and sticky notes for pain point brainstorming
Pain point brainstorming after interviews
At this point, I stopped what I was doing to brainstorm the user pain points, as shown above.  I learned my lesson from my last project and wanted to make sure I had them to review at all stages of the project, which really helped my final product feel like it was made for my users.  I then completed a competitive audit.  My goal for the audit was to see how other apps tackle reminders, medication tracking, website vs. app usage, paywalls, and syncing.  I found that of the apps I studied, none of them had long reminders, the ability to constantly repeat reminders, or a responsive website with the same functionalities as the app to help those with limited storage space on their mobile devices.

Pain points

1

Reliance on doctors or providers
Patients don’t question providers when it comes to what prescriptions to take, how they interact with one another, and when to refill them, which may cause health problems or excess quantities down the line.

2

Tricky timing
Meds might need to be taken with or without food, at specific time intervals, or at specific times of the day, which may not be convenient or consistent for the patient.

3

Ineffective reminders…
Reminders that can be turned off, ignored, or easily forgotten do no good to help remind the patient to take the meds on time.

4

…that disturb your day
Repeated reminders or reminders that go off at an inconvenient time can frustrate users, particularly if they have taken their meds by that time.

Meet the users

Persona for Zach
Zach, the college graduate with ADHD
Persona for Christine
Christine, the full-time worker and caretaker
Persona for Hazel
Hazel, the retiree with memory issues

Ideation

To get started on this project, I used the “Crazy 8s” exercise (8 ideas in 8 minutes) to quickly come up with several ideas to address user needs.  I did this two times: once before designing the mobile app, and once after finishing the mobile app and before starting the responsive website.  Most ended up being early sketches of how the homepage and alarms might look and operate.
Crazy 8s exercise for the mobile app
Before the mobile app
Crazy 8s exercise for the mobile website
Before the mobile version of the website

Wireframing

After completing some quick sketches for each of the five main navigation pages, I moved into digital wireframing in Figma.  The main goal at this stage was customization.  I focused on making sure the user could not only customize their medication reminders, but their contacts (including doctors and accountability partners) and various health trackers as well to keep everything in one place.  As far as content goes, I kept to placeholder lines and very basic English text to prevent study participants from getting distracted by the words on the page.
Digital wireframes for MedSage app

Low-fidelity prototype

To test the prototype, I connected the user flow for nearly every page associated with the bottom navigation.  Since the reminders themselves have to do with the device’s native capabilities and not the app, I didn’t focus on them.
Check out the live prototypes in Figma!

User testing

I conducted one round of usability testing after creating the low-fidelity prototype for the mobile app.  Most users had differing opinions on which features were useful or not, but they did come to a consensus when ambiguity and misunderstood intention were concerned.
Study parameters
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Study Type
Moderated usability study
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Location
United States, remote
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Participants
4 participants
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Length
15-20 minutes
Study findings
1
Most users won’t understand the purpose of a health tracker without some sort of explanation.
2
Many users will be confused by the terminology “amount in stock” and might not use the feature properly.
3
Most users will click the wrong button to add a new tracker instead of adding a new entry when figuring out how to use the app.

Challenge 1: Create a mobile app that is easy to use, easy to navigate, and easy to understand.

To make the app easy to use, I used the bright blue accent color (or red for destructive actions) to immediately point users to actionable buttons, text, and icons.  I also based many of the actions you can do in the app, like editing and messaging contacts, on native mobile phone functionalities to make the whole thing more intuitive.  During my usability study, I found that many selected the bottom right ‘+’ button on the “Trackers” page to add a new tracker entry when asked to add a new tracker altogether, so I decided to add a popup menu to give users the option of what they want to add.  After developing the responsive website, I’m not sure I still stand by that decision; I needed to add yet another menu for users to select their tracker, which is easily done from the same page, and it isn’t as cohesive as the flow of the same task in the website’s version of the same task.
First pass wireframe for the Trackers page
Wireframe of tracker page, with a confusing name, identical grey buttons and an ambiguous ‘+’ button
Mockup of the Trackers (now "My Health Log") page
The updated mockup, now titled “My Health Log,” with two blue call-to-action buttons and the new choice to add either a tracker or a tracker entry
To make the app easier for users to navigate, I added labels to navigation icons so they understand what each one represents.  Three of the five main navigation pages have separate user flows within themselves, so I provided back and forward buttons at the top of the page to allow for easy navigation.
First pass wireframe of the first page in the New Medications flow
Wireframe of “new medication” page; while the left and right arrows are labeled, the navbar is not
Mockup of the first page in the New Medications flow
The updated mockup, with labeled icons in the navbar
Making the app easy to understand always proves to be more of a challenge than I initially anticipate, particularly with so little text and imagery for users to get context from.  Most users understood the purpose of the homepage and medication pages, but a few didn’t understand the purpose of contact and progress report pages, and all of them thought the trackers page was confusing.  To combat this, I changed the tracker page’s name to “My Health Log” (as shown above),  and I used the mockups as a chance to provide context clues throughout the app using item names and descriptions.  There were a few other instances of users getting tripped up by terminology that I changed accordingly, but if I were to continue this project, I would need to run a new usability study on the high-fidelity prototype to a) see if those changes were effective, and b) see if the added content affects the user’s understanding of the app.

Challenge 2: Make a reminder system that is actually useful by making it customizable enough to meet any user’s specific needs.

This challenge was the most crucial in my opinion because it addressed not only the gaps I found in my competitiors’ apps, but also most of the user pain points.
Diagram of how the pain points match up with reminder customization
Tricky timing
Users can customize their reminders to their exact medication schedule -  whether it’s every X days or weeks, specific days of the week, multiple times a day, or just as needed.  For each reminder, they can select the time it goes off, what dosage they need to take, and whether or not it needs to be taken with food.  If I were to continue with this app, I might see if there was a way to determine stereotypical meal times in the user’s area and trigger “take with food” reminders automatically.
Ineffective reminders…
One key gap I saw in my other competitors’ apps was that their alarm sounds were quite short and would only repeat once or twice.  I didn’t do anything about the length of alarm sounds (although that could certainly be added later on), but I did create a setting enabling users to select how many times they’d like the reminder to go off.  That way, if a user only needs one, they don’t have to be bothered by more reminders, while other users may have reminders go off until they mark their medications as taken.
…that disturb your day
Repeated reminders are useful in some ways, but what good are they if they continuously go off while you’re in a meeting or out somewhere without access to your medicine?  To account for this annoyance, I allowed users to select a “time between reminders” - in other words, a snooze timer.  While the options aren’t currently shown in the prototype, in a finished product this timer could be set to a specific time interval or an “Ask me” option that allows users to choose their snooze timer right when they dismiss the notification.  If I were to continue with the prototype, I might also add a snooze button to the individual medications on the home screen so users don’t have to wait for the alarm to go off to snooze it if needed.

Challenge 3: Design a complementary responsive website that retains the main functionality of the app while using the capabilities of a website.

One missed opportunity I found in my competition was that their websites only served to redirect users to an app store to download their app.  I wanted the website to be a resource providing some background information about the product and company, but I also wanted it to function the same way that the app did by allowing users to log in from the web.  A user with an account can access the same information either through the app or through the web, which could be helpful for those with low storage space on their mobile devices.  To organize these ideas, I created a sitemap based on the app I’d already developed.  Since a website doesn’t have a mobile device’s native reminder functionality for me to build on, I decided to create a setting with the option to receive reminders via text message or phone call.
Sitemap of the MedSage responsive website
Pain point brainstorming after interviews
Then came the design.  Since I started mobile-first, I had to translate a vertical design into a wider design.  I turned some of the minor separate pages, like the full calendar view on the homepage, into left sidebars, and as the screen size grows in width, the hamburger navigation menu just becomes a top navbar.
Diagram showcasing the responsiveness of the website
At this point, I realized I hadn’t created an individual tracker page to put in the righthand column of the health log for larger screen sizes.  I developed this page as a column first, and I discovered that there would be separate ‘+’ buttons for trackers and entries, and both were visible from larger screen sizes.  This would have solved the ambiguity problem of that button in the usability study.  Like the mobile app, the mobile version of the website doesn’t show both ‘+’ buttons at once due to the size limitations, but the “Add Entry” button performs the same function and should be more visible now that it’s got that call-to-action color.  My solution in the mobile app now seems unnecessary and possibly more confusing, but I would need to run a usability test the mockups to truly determine if that’s the case.
Diagram showcasing the formatting of the '+' button on the Trackers page

High-fidelity prototype

The hi-fi prototype followed the same user flow as the lo-fi prototype, but with the new updates added in.
Check out the live prototypes in Figma!

Takeaways

Impact
MedSage shows that anyone who takes medication regularly can be reminded as needed and keep track of their medications from anywhere on any device.  The customization options ensure that medications won’t be forgotten while the constant notifications won’t needlessly interfere with everyday life.
What I learned
In trying to compensate for my previous project's shortcomings, I learned that going back and referencing the user’s pain points during each stage of the project really helps realign your thinking with the user’s.  I also learned the importance of properly defining your target audience; while I did test only participants who were in my target audience, all of them said they had no need for my product, but using more specific keywords they could define someone who would.
”I think there’s a big demographic that could really benefit off this."
- Quote from a study participant
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